An Empire Across Three Continents Class 11 Assertion Reason CBSE History Chapter 2

A1: Assertion-Reason questions are a type of question format used in CBSE exams where two statements are provided: an Assertion (A) and a Reason (R). Students need to determine whether each statement is true or false and if the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

A2: Unlike multiple-choice questions, Assertion-Reason questions require students to analyze the relationship between two statements. It’s not just about knowing the facts but understanding how they connect logically.

A3: Follow these steps:
Read both statements carefully. Understand what each statement is saying.
Determine the truth value of each statement. Decide if each statement is true or false independently.
Analyze the relationship. If both statements are true, decide whether the Reason (R) correctly explains the Assertion (A).
Choose the correct option. Based on your analysis, select the appropriate answer from the given options.

A4: The typical options are:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

A5: Ensure that the Reason provides a logical explanation for the Assertion. Check if the Reason directly addresses the cause or basis of the Assertion and if they are contextually linked.

A6: Practice regularly with sample questions and past papers. Focus on understanding the concepts thoroughly rather than rote memorization. Analyzing how different facts and concepts interrelate will enhance your ability to correctly answer these questions.

A7: Common mistakes include:
Not reading the statements carefully and missing key details.
Assuming the Reason explains the Assertion without checking the logical connection.
Confusing the order or relationship between the statements.
Overthinking and adding information not provided in the question.

A8: Contextual understanding is crucial. It helps you determine whether the Reason accurately and logically explains the Assertion within the context of the subject matter.

A9: Use study guides specifically designed for Assertion-Reason questions. Online educational platforms and reference books for Class 11 History also offer practice questions and explanations. xamcontent.com also provides assertion reason questions for cbse class 11 history.

A10: Important keywords in chapter “An Empire Across Three Continents” are given below-
Republic: It was the name given to a regime in which the real power lay with the senate, a body nominated by the wealthy elite.
Conscription: That is the soldiers are forcibly recruited, military service is compulsory for certain groups or categories of population.
Near East: It refers to the area of Roman Mediterranean, i.e., all territories to the east of the Mediterranean Sea. These included all the subordinate territories that could be relied on to use their forces in support of Rome.
Transhumance: It is the herdsman’s regular annual movement between the higher mountains and low-lying grounds in search of pasture for their flock.
Civil war: armed struggle for power within the same country.

A11: The ancient Roman Empire which was spread across the three continents namely– Europe, Asia and Africa. To the North, the boundaries of the empire were formed by two great rivers – the Rhine and the Danube. To the South, by the huge expanse of desert called the Sahara. To the East, river Euphrates and to the West, Atlantic Ocean. This vast stretch of territory was the Roman Empire. That is why Roman Empire is called an Empire across Three Continents. The Mediterranean Sea is called the heart of Rome’s empire.

A12: The term ‘Pax Romania’ was used for the Roman peace and prosperity -under the rule of Augustus. It expressed the idea of universal empire ruled by Rome. It signified the domination of the Roman Empire who were under its rule. The ideology of ‘Pax Romania’ is similar as ‘Pax Britannica’ of the British Empire.

A13: Spanish olive oil was a vast commercial trading enterprise. It reached its peak in the years 140-160. Container called ‘Dressel 20’ was used for the transporting of the Spanish olive oil. As archaeologists found widely scattered remains of Dressel 20 across the Mediterranean sites. This refers that Spanish olive oil was widely circulated. Archaeologists also derived that Spanish producer succeeded in capturing markets for olive oil from their Italian counterparts.

A14: Succession to the throne was based on family descent. It might be natural or adoptive. Emperor Tiberius (14-37 CE), the second in the long line of Roman emperors, was not the natural son of Augustus, the ruler who founded the Principate, but Augustus adopted him to ensure a smooth transition.

A15: A major difference between the two superpowers and their respective empires was that the Roman Empire was culturally much more diverse than that of Iran. The Parthians and later the Sasanians, the dynasties that ruled Iran in this period, ruled over a population that was largely Iranian. The Roman Empire, by contrast, was a mosaic of territories and cultures that were chiefly bound together by a common system of government.