Forest Society and Colonialism Class 9 Revision Notes CBSE History Chapter 4

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Last Updated on July 7, 2024 by XAM CONTENT

Here you will find revision notes for CBSE Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 4 Forest Society and Colonialism. It is a part of Revision Notes for CBSE Class 9 Social Science Series.

CBSEClass 9 History
Useful forClass 9 Students
SubjectSocial Science – History
ChapterForest Society and Colonialism
TypeRevision Notes
CoversNotes
Important Keywords
Mind Map
Frequently Asked Questions
Important LinkClass 9 Social Science Chapterwise Revision Notes

Forest Society and Colonialism Class 9 Revision Notes CBSE History Chapter 4

Notes

  1. One of the most important economic activities for the tribals is agriculture.
  2. Tribal societies follow both barter and monetary exchange systems.
  3. For centuries, forest tribes have been dependent on forests for their livelihood and survival. They hunted birds and animals, and caught the abundant fish in rivers, ponds, etc., in and around the forests.
  4. The weekly Haat is an important place for social and economic activities.
  5. In the pre-British era, there were many ways in which the policies of states led to changes in forested tracts.
  6. In scientific forestry, natural forests having various species of plants, trees and undergrowth, were cut down periodically.
  7. The leader of Chotanagpur tribal uprising was Birsa Munda.
  8. The Forest Act of 1865 was formulated by Brandis, which was the first step towards formulating rules governing forest property in British India.
  9. Tea, coffee, jute, rubber, etc., were commercially cultivated on a large scale through scientific techniques.
  10. Surontiko Samin headed the Saminist Movement in Indonesia. Beginning in the last decade of the 19th century, this movement was a reaction in contradiction to the restrictions levied by the colonial rulers.

Important Keywords

Heifers: Young cow.
Haat: A place where persons belonging to all age and sex groups assemble to sell and purchase.
Timber: Wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material.
Sleeper: Wooden planks laid across railway tracks; they hold the tracks in position.
Precedent: A subject mentioned earlier.
Impetus: A force that moves something along.
Defiance: The act of boldly resisting authority or an opposing force.
Intervention: The act or fact of interposing one thing between or among others.
Scientific Forestry: A system of cutting trees controlled by the forest department, in which old trees are cut and new ones planted.
Environmentalist: A person devoted to preserve the environment.

Topics to be covered

  • Why Deforestation?
  • Rise of Commercial Forestry
  • How were Lives of People Affected
  • Rebellion in the Forests
  • The Fear of the People
  • Forest Transformation in Java
  • New Development in Forestry

Forest Society and Colonialism – Mind Map

Forest Society and Colonialism - Mind Map

Also check

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Forest Society and Colonialism

Q1: Mention a few products that we get from the forests.

A1: Forests provide us with innumerable products. Forest trees provide wood or timber as it is called. We make furniture like tables and chairs from wood. Wood is also used to make doors and windows. Paper is made from wood pulp. Forests are a store-house for many herbs which are used as medicine. We get gum and rubber from forest trees. Rubber is a very important industrial raw material. So it is our duty to protect forests.

Q2: Explain the deforestation. Why was this practice started?

A2: The cutting down and clearing of the forests is referred to as deforestation. Deforestation is an age old practice. It started many centuries ago. During the period of industrialisation, forests were cleared for industries to flourish. Deforestation took place to expand cultivation. It brought a lot of ecological changes in our planet. During the colonial rule it became more systematic and extensive.

Q3: What are ‘railway sleepers’?

A3: Railway sleepers are wooden planks laid across railway tracks; they hold the tracks in position. Between 1,760 and 2,000 sleepers are needed to lay 1 mile of railway track. A single sleeper is approximately 10 feet by 10 inches by 5 inches, i.e., 3.5 cubic feet. Wood for these sleepers came mainly from the Sind forests. As the railway was fast expanding, there was need for more and more trees to be cut.

Q4: How did people find new opportunities in trade in forests?

A4: When forest department took control of the forests, many people lost their livelihood but there were many who found new opportunities in it. Some communities left their traditional occupations and started trading in forest products like rubber. Many tribes were forced to work in factories, mines and plantations under government supervision.

Q5: How was Bastar rebellion organised? Explain.

A5: In 1910, mango boughs, a lump of earth, chillies and arrows were circulated in villages. This was actually an invitation to villagers to rebel against the British. Bazars were looted, houses of officials trades, schools and police stations were burnt and robbed and grain was redistributed. Every village contributed to the expenses of the rebellion.

Q6: Why did Britain turn to India for timber supply for its Royal Navy?Q6:

A6: The disappearance of the oak forests in England created problems in timber supply for the Royal Navy. The Royal Navy could not survive without a regular supply of timber. So the British started their search in all the colonial countries for a regular supply of timber. Their search resulted in the cutting down of forests in India. Within a decade a large amount of timber was exported from India.

Q7: What is Chipko Andolan?

A7: The Chipko Movement or Chipko Andolan is a movement that practised the Gandhian methods of Satyagraha and non-violent resistance, through the act of hugging trees to protect them from being felled. The modern Chipko Movement started in the early 1970s in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand, then in Uttar Pradesh with growing awareness towards rapid deforestation.

Q8: Forests are the National Wealth. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.

A8: Forests not only add to the beauty of a country but are also an important source of many useful products. The wood that we get from the forests, is important for building and construction purposes, for railway track, ship building, furniture and for fuel. In India, many industries are based on the forest products. We get the sandalwood, gum, resins, turpentine oil, honey, herbs, lac, etc., as forest products.

Q9: Write any three measures to conserve and increase forest area.

A9: (i) We should follow a well calculated policy of afforestation and plant trees on a large scale.
(ii) After scientific research, such species of trees should be developed and planted which can easily be grown in dry and wastelands as well as in hilly areas.
(iii) We must stop the indiscriminate cutting of trees to avoid ecological imbalance and other problems.
(iv) Some alternative materials like paper-board, plastic, metals in place of wood can be used so that the requirement of wood is minimised.

Q10: Write three importance of forests.

A10: (i) Natural environment: Forests provide natural environment and habitat for wildlife which is a great asset of India.
(ii) Maintain ecological balance: Forests help us to maintain ecological balance which sustains all life forms: human, animal and plants.
(iii) Forest products: Forests provide us valuable timber, hard wood, fuel wood, bamboo, drugs, species, fodder, fruits etc.

Forest Society and Colonialism Class 9 Revision Notes CBSE History Chapter 4

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