Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Class 9 Assertion Reason CBSE History Chapter 2

A1: Assertion-Reason questions are a type of question format used in CBSE exams where two statements are provided: an Assertion (A) and a Reason (R). Students need to determine whether each statement is true or false and if the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

A2: Unlike multiple-choice questions, Assertion-Reason questions require students to analyze the relationship between two statements. It’s not just about knowing the facts but understanding how they connect logically.

A3: Follow these steps:
Read both statements carefully. Understand what each statement is saying.
Determine the truth value of each statement. Decide if each statement is true or false independently.
Analyze the relationship. If both statements are true, decide whether the Reason (R) correctly explains the Assertion (A).
Choose the correct option. Based on your analysis, select the appropriate answer from the given options.

A4: The typical options are:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

A5: Ensure that the Reason provides a logical explanation for the Assertion. Check if the Reason directly addresses the cause or basis of the Assertion and if they are contextually linked.

A6: Practice regularly with sample questions and past papers. Focus on understanding the concepts thoroughly rather than rote memorization. Analyzing how different facts and concepts interrelate will enhance your ability to correctly answer these questions.

A7: Common mistakes include:
Not reading the statements carefully and missing key details.
Assuming the Reason explains the Assertion without checking the logical connection.
Confusing the order or relationship between the statements.
Overthinking and adding information not provided in the question.

A8: Contextual understanding is crucial. It helps you determine whether the Reason accurately and logically explains the Assertion within the context of the subject matter.

A9: Use study guides specifically designed for Assertion-Reason questions. Online educational platforms and reference books for Class 9 Social Science also offer practice questions and explanations. xamcontent.com also provides assertion reason questions for cbse class 9 social science.

A10: Important keywords for CBSE Class 9 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution are given below:
Bolshevik: A party that wanted outright revolution and did not believe in parliamentary system.
Bureaucrats: The senior officers who ran the administration of the country.
Bloody Sunday: A mass of peaceful workers, who were trying to appeal in St. Petersburg, were fired upon on 9th January, 1917 (Sunday). The day is known as ‘Bloody Sunday’.
Czar: Hereditary title of the Russian Emperor.
Capitalist: The owner of the means of production such as land, factories, mills, etc.
Duma: An elected body which makes laws in the Russian Parliament.
Menshevik: A group that wanted to establish socialism through widespread education and reforms among workers. Alexander Kerensky was their political leader.
October Revolution: Second phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917 which broke out on 7th November according to old Russian Calendar.
Socialism: An economic system in which means of production are used, owned and managed by the government.
Soviets: A council of representatives of workers.
Suffragette Movement: A movement to give women the right to vote.
Jadidists: Muslim reformers within the Russian empire.
Real Wage: It reflects the quantities of goods that the wages will actually buy.

A11: Important date line given below:
1850s-1880s: Debates over socialism in Russia.
1898: Formation of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party.
1905: The Bloody Sunday and the Revolution of 1905.
1917, 2nd March: Abdication of the Tsar, 24th October – Bolshevik unprising in Petrograd.
1918-20: The Civil War.
1919: Formation of Comintern.
1929: Beginning of Collectivisation.

A12: Reforms introduced by Czar Nicolas-II were as follows:
(i) Creation of an elected Parliament or Duma.
(ii) Trade unions and factory committees were declared illegal.
(iii) Vating lunes were changed and the Duma was packed with conservative politicians-liberals and revolutionaries were kept out

A13: Karl Marx was the father of socialism. He was dead against capitalism. He held that the profit of capitalists was produced by the workers, so they had a right over the profits. He was in favour of constructing a radically socialist society. He wanted a communist society, where all property was owned by the state or the society.

A14: Efforts made to support the ideas of socialism in Europe:
(i) Workers in England and Germany began forming associations to fight for better living and working conditions. They set up funds to help members in times of distress and demanded a reduction of working hours and the right to vote.
(ii) In Germany, these associations worked closely with the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and helped it win parliamentary seats.
(iii) By 1905, socialists and trade unionists formed a Labour Party in Britain and a Socialist Party in France. However, till 1914, socialists never succeeded in forming a government in Europe.
(iv) Represented by strong figures in parliamentary politics, their ideas did shape legislation, but governments continued to be run by the Conservatives, Liberals and Radicals