Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Class 8 Case Study Social Science History Chapter 4

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A4: Important keywords from chapter “Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age” are given below-
Dikus: Dikus were the outsiders who visited Munda lands. These people included British officials, Hindu landlords, moneylenders and traders.
Jhum: Jhum was a cultivation practice adopted or practised by the tribals. In this type of agriculture, a patch of land was selected for cultivation and scrubs were burned to clear the land to raise crops for 2 to 3 years.
Fallow: Land which is left uncultivated for some time so that the soil regains its fertility.
Mahua: An edible flower used to make alcohol.
Bewar: A term used for shifting cultivation in Madhya Pradesh.
Sleeper: Horizontal planks of wood used to lay railway lines.
Akhara: Wrestling ground
Vaishnav: Those who worship Lord Vishnu.
Satyug: The Age of Truth
Sirdars: The chiefs/leaders
Sal: A type of tree

A5: Important dates from chapter “Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age” are given below-
1831-32: The Kols revolted against the forest laws of the Britishers.
1855: Santhals rebelled against colonial rule.
Mid 1870s: Birsa Munda was born.
1871: The Britishers passed the Criminal Tribes Act.
1895: Birsa Munda was arrested.
1897: Birsa Munda was released.
1900: Birsa Munda died.
1906: Songram Sangma rebelled in Assam.
1910: The Bastar rebellion broke out in central India.
1940: Warli Revolt in Maharashtra.

A6: People considered that Birsa could cure all diseases and increase grain output. He himself declared that he had been appointed by God to free people from trouble and slavery. Therefore, thousands began following him.

A7: Once the British stopped the tribal people from living inside forests, they faced a problem- they would no longer get cheap labour to cut trees for railway sleepers and to transport logs.
Colonial officials came up with a solution and decided that they would give jhum cultivators small patches of land in the forests and allow them to cultivate these on the condition that those who lived in the villages would have to provide labour to the Forest Department and look after the forests. Therefore, the Forest Department established forest villages in many areas to ensure a regular supply of cheap labour.

A8: The features of the land settlement introduced by the British are as follows:
They measured the land, defined the rights of each individual to that land, and fixed the revenue demand for the state.
The British declared some peasants as landowners and others tenants.
The tenants had to pay rent to the landowner who in turn paid revenue to the state.
The British made major efforts to settle down jhum cultivation, but without much success since settled plough cultivation is not easy in areas where water is scarce and the soil is dry.

A9: The forces that the Birsa Movement fought against were – harsh British policies, Hindu landlords, moneylenders and missionaries who were trying to destroy their culture.

A10: We provide case study questions for CBSE Class 8 Social Science on our website. Students can visit the website and practice sufficient case study questions and prepare for their exams.