Introducing Internet Notes for Class 10 Computer Applications Chapter 1

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Last Updated on September 18, 2024 by XAM CONTENT

Hello students, we are providing notes for class 10 computer applications. Case study questions or passage based questions are the new question format that is introduced in CBSE board. A thorough understanding of the syllabus is crucial for scoring well. This article focuses on “Introducing Internet,” chapter in the Computer Applications syllabus for CBSE Class 10. It is a part of “Notes for CBSE Class 10 Computer Applications” Series.

Chapter	Introducing Internet
Type of Material	Notes
Board	CBSE
Class	10
Subject	Computer Applications
Unit	Unit 1 Networking
Useful for	Class 10 Studying Students
Important Link	Class 10 Computer Applications Chapterwise Notes

Notes on Introducing Internet Class 10 Computer Applications

Computer Network: It is a system in which multiple computers or other hardware devices are connected together using special hardware and software, which enables them to exchange information and resources.

Internet: It is a world-wide network, connecting millions of computers, together through telephone lines, cables and other means to form a network. The term ‘Internet’ is the short form for International Network. It is generally used as a way to communicate and share a large amount of information.

ARPANET: Internet was evolved in 1969, under the project named ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) to connect computers at different universities and U.S. defence.

CSNET: National Science Foundation (NSF) formed a common network called CSNET in 1970 that allowed dialup connections and gained a lot of popularity due to its simple idea. Later on, NSFNET came into existence through continuous research and development in this field.

World Wide Web (WWW): It is an internet based service, which uses common set of rules known as Protocols, to distribute documents across the Internet in a standard way. The World Wide Web was invented by a British scientist, Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.
The World Wide Web, or Web for short, or simply Web, is a massive collection of digital pages to access information over the Internet.

The World Wide Web was invented by a British scientist, Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.

The World Wide Web, or Web for short, or simply Web, is a massive collection of digital pages to access information over the Internet.

The Web uses the HTTP protocol, to transmit data and allows applications to communicate in order to exchange business logic.

The Web also uses browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, etc. to access Web documents called Web pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks. Web documents also contain graphics, sounds, text and video.

Server: A server is a computer that provides data to other computers. The entire structure of the Internet is based upon a client-server model.

Web Server: It helps to deliver web content that can be accessed through the Internet. The most common use of web servers is to host websites, as the internet is not only used to fetch the information but there are other uses such as gaming, data storage or running business applications.

The primary job of a web server is to deliver web pages to clients. The communication between the client node and server node takes place using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The delivered web pages include images, style sheets and scripts in addition to text content.

Client Server Model

A web server commonly known as HTTP server or application server is a program that serves content using the HTTP protocol. This content is generally in the form of HTML documents, images and other web resources, but can include any type of file.

Apache Web Server: The Apache is the most popular web server developed by the Apache Software Organisation. It is an open source software and can be installed on almost all the operating systems such as Linux, UNIX, Windows, Mac OS X and many more.

Internet Information Services Web Server (IIS): It is a product of Microsoft. It contains almost similar features as Apache Web Server. But the major difference between the two is that Apache is an open source program whereas IIS is not.

Java System Web Server: It is developed and maintained by Sun Microsystems. It is suited for both medium and large websites and may run on windows, Linux and Unix platforms.

Web Client or Thin Client: It is the term used for the client computer that sends request to a web server for accessing websites/web pages. A web client may be referred to as an application program installed on the client side that is responsible for communicating with a web server, using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

The information spread over the World Wide Web is compiled in the form of websites and web pages.

Website: The collection of web pages on the World Wide Web that is accessed by its own Internet address is called a website. Thus, a website is a collection of related web pages. A website is just like a book that contains multiple pages that are linked to each other. The first page of a website is known as the Home page.

Web Page: A web page is a document which contains information that travels over the web. It may contain different types of information such as text, audio, video, images, hyperlinks, etc.

A Web page also known as Electronic Page, is a part of the World Wide Web. It is just like a page in a book. The basic unit of every website or document on the Web is a Web page containing the information.

Static Web page: A static web page often called a flat page or stationary page, is a web page that is delivered to the user exactly as stored. A static web page displays the same information for all users and is created using the HTML.

Dynamic Web page: A dynamic web page is a web page which needs to be refreshed every time whenever it opens in any of the web browsers to display the updated content of the site.

Web Browser: A Web Browser is an application software that lets us view web pages, graphics and the online content. Browser software is specifically designed to convert HTML and XML into readable documents.

A Web Browser is installed on a web client. A web client sends the request for accessing a website through web browser software only.

The most popular web browsers are: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari, Opera and UC Browser.

Blog: A website in which articles are posted regularly and displayed in reverse sequential order is known as a blog.

Blogger: Authoring, maintaining or adding an article on an existing blog is known as blogging. A person who writes a blog is simply known as a blogger.

Newsgroup: A newsgroup is an online discussion forum accessible through Usenet. It is an Internet-based discussion group, similar to a

Bulletin Board System (BBS), where people post messages concerning whatever topic around which the group is organised.
The main difference between a newsgroup and a chat room is that there is no instant communication in a newsgroup as in the chat room.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): It is a computer language that is used for creating web pages, which are displayed on World Wide Web. It is also known as a markup and tag-based language.

The HTML documents are created using text-based editors such as Notepad, WordPad, etc., and HTML files are saved with extension.html.

Uniform Resource Locator: URL’s, or ‘Uniform Resource Locators’ are the web browser addresses of internet pages and files. It is the way to locate a file or document on the Internet.

The URL specifies the address of a file and every file on the Internet has a unique address. It works with IP addresses to give a name, location to web pages.

Format of a URL:
Protocol identifier or scheme://site address/path/ filename

Every URL has three parts to address a page or file:

1. Protocol identifier or scheme which ends with a ‘//:’
2. Host computer which ends with web extensions such as .com, .org etc.
3. Filename or page name which displays the related information.

Example: http://www.xamcontent.com/ products/cbse-class-10-computer-applications

The above URL consists of:

Protocol: http
Host computer name: www
Domain name: xamcontent
Domain type: .com
Path: product-details
File name: cbse-class-10-computer-applications

E-mail Address: An E-mail address is the address of an electronic postbox that can receive/send e-mail messages on a network.

E-mail address has the following format:
Example: site123@xamcontent.com
The above URL consist of:
Username: site123
Domain: http://www.xamcontent.com/

Downloading: It is the process of copying a file from one computer to another across the internet. For example, when we download a free antivirus program from a website, it means we are copying it from web server to our computer.

Uploading: It is the process of sending some files from our computer to a remote server. For example, when we send an attachment through an e-mail, or we upload images, audio and video files on a social networking website, we are actually uploading the files.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) / Internet Protocol (IP): It is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. It specifies how data is exchanged over the internet by providing end-to-end communications that identify how it should be broken into packets, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination.

TCP: It is used for creating the packets, arranging them together in the correct order and then checking that no packets are lost during the transmission.

IP: It is used to send information to the proper address. Each computer on the internet has its own unique address known as the IP address.
Internet Protocol Address (IP Address): It is the unique identifier for each connected device on a network. It is usually mounted on the LAN card or Ethernet card of a computer or of a device. The IP addresses are managed by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).

SMTP: It stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It is a set of communication guidelines that allows software to transmit an electronic mail over the Internet.

Post Office Protocol (POP): It is the most common protocol used by personal computer for receiving e-mail. This has the version 3, therefore, it is called POP3.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted over the web.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS): It is an extension of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It is for secure communication over a computer network and is widely used on the Internet.

Remote Login: It is a login that allows computer users to connect to a host computer through a network. It works exactly the same way as desktop sharing where there are host computers and remote users.

Telnet: The Telecommunication Network (Telnet) is an older network protocol used on local area network to provide a bi-directional interactive communication facility. It allows a user at one end to establish a TCP connection to a login server at another end.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP): It is a standard Internet Protocol for transmitting files among the computers on the Internet. It is mainly used for performing basic file operations such as uploading, downloading, deleting, renaming, moving and copying files from client side to the server side.

SSH Protocol: The Secure Shell (SSH) protocol is a method for secure remote login from one computer to another. It protects the security and integrity of communication with strong encryption.

SCP Protocol: SCP stands for Secure Copy Protocol. It is a secure file transfer protocol which allows copying of files from one machine to another over the Internet.

SFTP Protocol: SFTP stands for Secure File Transfer Protocol. It is a secure version of File Transfer Protocol (FTP), which facilitates data access and data transfer over a Secure Shell (SSH) data stream.

Also check

• Cyberethics Class 10 Case Study Computer Applications Chapter 6
• Computer Applications Case Study Questions for CBSE Class 10
• Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Class 10 Case Study Computer Applications Chapter 5
• More on HTML Class 10 Case Study Computer Applications Chapter 4
• Basic HTML Elements Class 10 Case Study Computer Applications Chapter 3
• Internet Services and Mobile Technologies Class 10 Case Study Computer Applications Chapter 2
• Introducing Internet Class 10 Case Study Computer Applications Chapter 1

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