Poverty as a Challenge Class 9 Assertion Reason CBSE Economics Chapter 3

A1: Assertion-Reason questions are a type of question format used in CBSE exams where two statements are provided: an Assertion (A) and a Reason (R). Students need to determine whether each statement is true or false and if the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

A2: Unlike multiple-choice questions, Assertion-Reason questions require students to analyze the relationship between two statements. It’s not just about knowing the facts but understanding how they connect logically.

A3: Follow these steps:
Read both statements carefully. Understand what each statement is saying.
Determine the truth value of each statement. Decide if each statement is true or false independently.
Analyze the relationship. If both statements are true, decide whether the Reason (R) correctly explains the Assertion (A).
Choose the correct option. Based on your analysis, select the appropriate answer from the given options.

A4: The typical options are:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

A5: Ensure that the Reason provides a logical explanation for the Assertion. Check if the Reason directly addresses the cause or basis of the Assertion and if they are contextually linked.

A6: Practice regularly with sample questions and past papers. Focus on understanding the concepts thoroughly rather than rote memorization. Analyzing how different facts and concepts interrelate will enhance your ability to correctly answer these questions.

A7: Common mistakes include:
Not reading the statements carefully and missing key details.
Assuming the Reason explains the Assertion without checking the logical connection.
Confusing the order or relationship between the statements.
Overthinking and adding information not provided in the question.

A8: Contextual understanding is crucial. It helps you determine whether the Reason accurately and logically explains the Assertion within the context of the subject matter.

A9: Use study guides specifically designed for Assertion-Reason questions. Online educational platforms and reference books for Class 9 Social Science also offer practice questions and explanations. xamcontent.com also provides assertion reason questions for cbse class 9 social science.

A10: Important keywords for CBSE Class 9 Poverty as a Challenge are given below:
Poverty: It is a situation under which a man is unable to afford minimum necessities of life, health and efficiency.
Poverty Line: It is an estimated income that is required to purchase the minimum subsistence needs of a person.
Mass Poverty: It is a situation in which large section of people in an economy is deprived of basic necessities.
Human Poverty: It refers to shortfall or lack of income. It is the denial of economic, political, social and physical opportunities to lead long, healthy and creative life.
Poverty Ratio: Extent of poverty in a country is measured by the number of people who live below the poverty line and their ratio to the total population.
Relative Poverty: It refers to the income or asset position of one class of people compared to the others or individual or vis-à-vis others.

A11: Poverty is inability to afford minimum basic necessities of life such as, food, clothing and shelter.

A12: The calorie requirement is higher in rural areas since people are engaged in more physical labour than in urban areas.

A13: The poverty line is estimated on the basis of income incurred on consumption of minimum calorie intake. Since that varies from region to region and the consumption expenditure is subject to prices of food items, the poverty line also varies.

A14: As per the data, there is a substantial decline in poverty ratio in India from 55% in 1973 to 36% in 1993. There was further decline from 36% in 1993 to 26% in 2000. Although the number of poor people remained stable (about 320 million) in the earlier two decades (1973 to 1993), there was a significant reduction in the number of the poor to about 260 million till 2000. It may also be noted that poverty ratio always remained higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. If the present trend continues, the people below poverty line may come down to less than 20% in the next few years.

A15: Measures to reduce regional poverty: Several states of India like Odisha, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Nagaland, etc., are economically very poor. To remove this regional poverty, the following measures may be suggested:
(a) More Central assistance and grants should be given to backward states.
(b) Special concessions may be given for investments in backward areas.
(c) Public sector enterprises should be set up in backward states.

A16: Poorest states in India are Bihar and Orissa (Odisha).

A17: Different countries use different poverty lines because the basic needs of different countries are different. For example, a person may be considered poor in America if he is not having a car, whereas in India owning of a car is still considered a luxury.