{"id":1321,"date":"2026-05-14T15:03:03","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T09:33:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xamcontent.com\/cisce\/?p=1321"},"modified":"2026-05-14T15:03:04","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T09:33:04","slug":"force-concept-capsule-icse-class-10-physics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xamcontent.com\/cisce\/force-concept-capsule-icse-class-10-physics\/","title":{"rendered":"Force \u2014 Concept Capsule | ICSE Class 10 Physics"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">12<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span>\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"A racing car has a low height and a wide wheelbase. Give reason.\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"A racing car is built low to keep its centre of gravity as low as possible, and wide to have a broad base. Both factors increase stability and reduce the chance of toppling during high-speed turns.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"A couple cannot be balanced by a single force. Give reason.\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"A couple has net resultant force equal to zero but produces a net torque. A single force always has a resultant, so it cannot simultaneously produce zero net force and a net torque. Hence a couple can only be balanced by another couple of equal and opposite torque.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"It is easier to open a door by pushing at the end far from the hinge. Give reason.\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Moment of force equals Force multiplied by perpendicular distance from pivot. Applying force at the far end maximises the perpendicular distance from the hinge, so the moment of force is maximum for the same applied force.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"A body moving in a circular path with constant speed is still said to be accelerating. Give reason.\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, not speed. In circular motion, although speed is constant, the direction of velocity changes continuously. Since velocity is a vector, any change in direction is a change in velocity \u2014 hence the body is continuously accelerating with centripetal acceleration directed towards the centre.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What is a couple? Give two examples of couple in daily life.\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"A couple consists of two equal, opposite, and parallel forces acting on a body at different points along different lines of action. Net force is zero and it produces only rotational motion. Examples: turning a key in a lock, and turning a water tap.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"State the Principle of Moments.\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"When a body is in equilibrium, the sum of clockwise moments equals the sum of anticlockwise moments about any point.\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<!-- \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n     XAM CONTENT \u2014 CONCEPT CAPSULE\n     ICSE Class 10 Physics | Chapter 1: Force\n     Series wrapper: class=\"xc-cc\" \u2192 applies green theme vars\n     All components use shared .xc-s-* classes\n     \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 -->\n\n<div class=\"xc-cc\">\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 1. SERIES HEADER \u2500\u2500 -->\n<div class=\"xc-s-header\" data-icon=\"\ud83d\udca1\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-series-label\">\ud83d\udca1 Concept Capsule<\/div>\n  <h1 class=\"xc-s-chapter-title\">Chapter 1: Force<\/h1>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-meta-bar\">\n    <span class=\"xc-s-meta-item\">\ud83d\udcda ICSE<\/span>\n    <span class=\"xc-s-meta-item\">\ud83c\udf93 Class 10<\/span>\n    <span class=\"xc-s-meta-item\">\u2697\ufe0f Physics<\/span>\n    <span class=\"xc-s-meta-item\">\ud83d\udcd6 Chapter 1 of 12<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 2. CHAPTER AT A GLANCE \u2500\u2500 -->\n<div class=\"xc-s-glance\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-glance-header\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-glance-title\">\ud83d\udccb Chapter at a Glance<\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-weightage\">\n      <span class=\"xc-s-weightage-val\">8\u201310<\/span>\n      <span class=\"xc-s-weightage-label\">marks in board<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-difficulty-row\">\n    <span style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:600;color:#64748b;\">Difficulty:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"xc-s-diff-badge xc-s-diff-medium\">\u26a1 Moderate<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-glance-label\">\u2705 Topics Covered in This Post<\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-topics-grid\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-topic-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-topic-icon\">\u2713<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-topic-text\">Turning Effect of Force (Moment of Force)<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-topic-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-topic-icon\">\u2713<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-topic-text\">Couple and Torque<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-topic-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-topic-icon\">\u2713<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-topic-text\">Conditions of Equilibrium<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-topic-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-topic-icon\">\u2713<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-topic-text\">Types of Equilibrium<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-topic-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-topic-icon\">\u2713<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-topic-text\">Centre of Gravity<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-topic-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-topic-icon\">\u2713<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-topic-text\">Uniform Circular Motion<\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 3. CORE CONCEPTS \u2500\u2500 -->\n<div class=\"xc-s-section-head\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-section-icon\">\ud83e\udde0<\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-section-body\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-section-label\">Concept Capsule \u00b7 ICSE Class 10 Physics<\/div>\n    <h2 class=\"xc-s-section-title\">Core Concepts<\/h2>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-concept\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-concept-head\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-concept-num\">1<\/div>\n    <h3 class=\"xc-s-concept-title\">Turning Effect of Force (Moment of Force)<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-concept-body\">\n    <p>The <strong>turning effect of a force<\/strong> about a point is called the <strong>Moment of Force<\/strong> or <strong>Torque<\/strong>. It is the tendency of a force to rotate a body about a fixed point or axis.<\/p>\n    <ul>\n      <li>Moment of Force = Force \u00d7 Perpendicular distance from the pivot<\/li>\n      <li>SI Unit: <strong>Newton-metre (N\u00b7m)<\/strong><\/li>\n      <li>It is a <strong>vector quantity<\/strong><\/li>\n      <li><strong>Clockwise moment<\/strong> is taken as negative; <strong>Anticlockwise moment<\/strong> as positive<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n    <p><strong>Practical examples:<\/strong> Opening a door, using a spanner, a see-saw, steering wheel of a car.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-concept\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-concept-head\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-concept-num\">2<\/div>\n    <h3 class=\"xc-s-concept-title\">Couple and Torque of a Couple<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-concept-body\">\n    <p>A <strong>couple<\/strong> consists of two equal, opposite, and parallel forces acting on a body along different lines of action. A couple always produces a <strong>turning effect only<\/strong> \u2014 it never produces translational motion.<\/p>\n    <ul>\n      <li><strong>Torque of a couple<\/strong> = Either force \u00d7 Perpendicular distance between the two forces<\/li>\n      <li>The torque of a couple is the <strong>same about every point<\/strong> in its plane<\/li>\n      <li>A couple cannot be balanced by a single force \u2014 only by another couple of equal and opposite torque<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n    <p><strong>Practical examples:<\/strong> Turning a key in a lock, winding a watch, rotating a water tap, using a steering wheel.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-concept\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-concept-head\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-concept-num\">3<\/div>\n    <h3 class=\"xc-s-concept-title\">Principle of Moments (Conditions of Equilibrium)<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-concept-body\">\n    <p>A body is in <strong>equilibrium<\/strong> when the net force and net torque are both zero. Two conditions must be satisfied:<\/p>\n    <ul>\n      <li><strong>First condition:<\/strong> Algebraic sum of all forces = zero (no translation)<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Second condition:<\/strong> Sum of Clockwise Moments = Sum of Anticlockwise Moments (no rotation)<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-concept\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-concept-head\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-concept-num\">4<\/div>\n    <h3 class=\"xc-s-concept-title\">Types of Equilibrium<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-concept-body\">\n    <ul>\n      <li><strong>Stable:<\/strong> Body returns to original position. CG rises on displacement. Wide base, low CG. Example: Cone on base.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Unstable:<\/strong> Body moves further away. CG falls on displacement. Example: Cone on tip.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Neutral:<\/strong> Body stays in new position. CG remains at same height. Example: Cone on side.<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-concept\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-concept-head\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-concept-num\">5<\/div>\n    <h3 class=\"xc-s-concept-title\">Centre of Gravity<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-concept-body\">\n    <p>The <strong>centre of gravity (CG)<\/strong> is the point through which the resultant gravitational force acts, regardless of the body&#8217;s position or orientation.<\/p>\n    <ul>\n      <li>For a <strong>uniform body<\/strong>, CG lies at its geometric centre<\/li>\n      <li>CG of an <strong>irregular body<\/strong> (e.g. L-shape) may lie outside the material<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Lower the CG<\/strong> and <strong>wider the base<\/strong> \u2192 more stable<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-concept\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-concept-head\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-concept-num\">6<\/div>\n    <h3 class=\"xc-s-concept-title\">Uniform Circular Motion<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-concept-body\">\n    <p>When a body moves in a circular path with <strong>constant speed<\/strong>, it undergoes <strong>uniform circular motion<\/strong>. Speed is constant but velocity changes continuously (direction changes) \u2014 so the body is accelerating.<\/p>\n    <ul>\n      <li><strong>Centripetal acceleration<\/strong> \u2192 directed towards the centre<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Centripetal force<\/strong> \u2192 directed towards the centre, keeps body in circle<\/li>\n      <li>Centripetal force is not a new force \u2014 provided by gravity, tension, friction etc.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Centrifugal force<\/strong> \u2192 pseudo force, acts outward in rotating frame only<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 4. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS \u2500\u2500 -->\n<div class=\"xc-s-section-head\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-section-icon\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-section-body\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-section-label\">ICSE Exam Language \u2014 Write Exactly<\/div>\n    <h2 class=\"xc-s-section-title\">Important Definitions<\/h2>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-def-list\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-def-row\"><div class=\"xc-s-def-term\">Moment of Force<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-def-text\">The turning effect of a force about a given point. Equals force \u00d7 perpendicular distance of its line of action from the pivot.<\/div><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-def-row\"><div class=\"xc-s-def-term\">Couple<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-def-text\">Two equal, opposite, and parallel forces acting on a body at different points along different lines of action. Produces only rotational motion.<\/div><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-def-row\"><div class=\"xc-s-def-term\">Torque of a Couple<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-def-text\">Product of either force and the perpendicular distance between their lines of action.<\/div><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-def-row\"><div class=\"xc-s-def-term\">Equilibrium<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-def-text\">A body is in equilibrium when the net force and net torque are both zero \u2014 no translational or rotational motion.<\/div><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-def-row\"><div class=\"xc-s-def-term\">Principle of Moments<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-def-text\">When a body is in equilibrium, the algebraic sum of moments of all forces about any point is zero. Sum of CW moments = Sum of ACW moments.<\/div><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-def-row\"><div class=\"xc-s-def-term\">Centre of Gravity<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-def-text\">The fixed point through which the resultant weight of the body acts in all positions and orientations of the body.<\/div><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-def-row\"><div class=\"xc-s-def-term\">Centripetal Force<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-def-text\">The force acting on a body moving in a circular path, directed towards the centre, which keeps the body in its circular path.<\/div><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-def-row\"><div class=\"xc-s-def-term\">Stable Equilibrium<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-def-text\">A body is in stable equilibrium if, on being slightly displaced, it returns to its original position. The CG rises on displacement.<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 5. FORMULAS \u2500\u2500 -->\n<div class=\"xc-s-section-head\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-section-icon\">\ud83d\udd22<\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-section-body\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-section-label\">All Formulas \u2014 Chapter 1<\/div>\n    <h2 class=\"xc-s-section-title\">Formulas to Remember<\/h2>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-formula-block\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-formula-block-head\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-formula-block-icon\">\ud83d\udd22<\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-formula-block-title\">Force \u2014 Key Formulas<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-formula-row\"><div class=\"xc-s-formula-name\">Moment of Force<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-formula-eq\">\u03c4 = F \u00d7 d<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-formula-unit\">N\u00b7m<\/div><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-formula-row\"><div class=\"xc-s-formula-name\">Torque of a Couple<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-formula-eq\">\u03c4 = F \u00d7 l<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-formula-unit\">N\u00b7m (l = arm of couple)<\/div><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-formula-row\"><div class=\"xc-s-formula-name\">Principle of Moments<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-formula-eq\">\u03a3M<sub>CW<\/sub> = \u03a3M<sub>ACW<\/sub><\/div><div class=\"xc-s-formula-unit\">At equilibrium<\/div><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-formula-row\"><div class=\"xc-s-formula-name\">Centripetal Acceleration<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-formula-eq\">a = v\u00b2 \/ r<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-formula-unit\">m\/s\u00b2<\/div><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-formula-row\"><div class=\"xc-s-formula-name\">Centripetal Force<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-formula-eq\">F = mv\u00b2 \/ r<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-formula-unit\">N<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 6. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN \u2500\u2500 -->\n<div class=\"xc-s-section-head\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-section-icon\">\u2696\ufe0f<\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-section-body\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-section-label\">ICSE Favourite \u2014 Always in Exam<\/div>\n    <h2 class=\"xc-s-section-title\">Differentiate Between<\/h2>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-diff-wrap\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-diff-title-bar\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-diff-title-icon\">\u2696\ufe0f<\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-diff-title-text\">Force vs. Couple<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div style=\"overflow-x:auto;\">\n  <table class=\"xc-s-diff-table\">\n    <thead><tr><th>Basis<\/th><th>Force (Single)<\/th><th>Couple<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr><td>Definition<\/td><td>A single push or pull on a body<\/td><td>Two equal, opposite, parallel forces on a body<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Effect<\/td><td>Translational + rotational motion<\/td><td>Rotational motion only<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Net force<\/td><td>Has a net resultant force<\/td><td>Net resultant force is zero<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Balanced by<\/td><td>A single equal and opposite force<\/td><td>Only by another couple<\/td><\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-diff-wrap\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-diff-title-bar\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-diff-title-icon\">\u2696\ufe0f<\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-diff-title-text\">Stable vs. Unstable vs. Neutral Equilibrium<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div style=\"overflow-x:auto;\">\n  <table class=\"xc-s-diff-table\">\n    <thead><tr><th>Basis<\/th><th>Stable<\/th><th>Unstable<\/th><th>Neutral<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr><td>On displacement<\/td><td>Returns to original position<\/td><td>Moves further away<\/td><td>Stays in new position<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>CG on displacement<\/td><td>Rises<\/td><td>Falls<\/td><td>Same height<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>CG position<\/td><td>Lowest possible<\/td><td>Highest possible<\/td><td>Neither rises nor falls<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Example<\/td><td>Cone on base<\/td><td>Cone on tip<\/td><td>Cone on side<\/td><\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 7. GIVE REASONS \u2500\u2500 -->\n<div class=\"xc-s-section-head\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-section-icon\">\ud83d\udcac<\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-section-body\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-section-label\">ICSE Board Exam Type<\/div>\n    <h2 class=\"xc-s-section-title\">Give Reasons<\/h2>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-toggle-block\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-head\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-num\">1<\/div>\n    <p class=\"xc-s-toggle-q\">A racing car has a low height and a wide wheelbase. Give reason.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-btn\"><span class=\"xc-s-toggle-icon\">\u25bc<\/span><span>Show Answer<\/span><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a-head\">\u2705 Answer<\/div>\n    <p>A racing car is built low to keep its <strong>centre of gravity as low as possible<\/strong>, and wide to have a <strong>broad base<\/strong>. Both factors increase stability and reduce the chance of toppling during high-speed turns.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-toggle-block\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-head\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-num\">2<\/div>\n    <p class=\"xc-s-toggle-q\">A couple cannot be balanced by a single force. Give reason.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-btn\"><span class=\"xc-s-toggle-icon\">\u25bc<\/span><span>Show Answer<\/span><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a-head\">\u2705 Answer<\/div>\n    <p>A couple has <strong>net resultant force = zero<\/strong> but produces a net torque. A single force always has a resultant, so it cannot simultaneously produce zero net force and a net torque. Hence a couple can only be balanced by another couple of equal and opposite torque.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-toggle-block\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-head\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-num\">3<\/div>\n    <p class=\"xc-s-toggle-q\">It is easier to open a door by pushing at the end far from the hinge. Give reason.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-btn\"><span class=\"xc-s-toggle-icon\">\u25bc<\/span><span>Show Answer<\/span><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a-head\">\u2705 Answer<\/div>\n    <p>Moment of force = Force \u00d7 Perpendicular distance from pivot. Applying force at the far end maximises the <strong>perpendicular distance from the hinge<\/strong>, so the moment of force is maximum for the same applied force \u2014 making it easier to rotate the door.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-toggle-block\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-head\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-num\">4<\/div>\n    <p class=\"xc-s-toggle-q\">A body moving in a circular path with constant speed is still said to be accelerating. Give reason.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-btn\"><span class=\"xc-s-toggle-icon\">\u25bc<\/span><span>Show Answer<\/span><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a-head\">\u2705 Answer<\/div>\n    <p>Acceleration is the rate of change of <strong>velocity<\/strong>, not speed. In circular motion, although speed is constant, the <strong>direction of velocity changes continuously<\/strong>. Since velocity is a vector, any change in direction is a change in velocity \u2014 hence the body is continuously accelerating (centripetal acceleration, directed towards the centre).<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-toggle-block\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-head\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-num\">5<\/div>\n    <p class=\"xc-s-toggle-q\">The CG of an L-shaped lamina lies outside its material. Give reason.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-btn\"><span class=\"xc-s-toggle-icon\">\u25bc<\/span><span>Show Answer<\/span><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a-head\">\u2705 Answer<\/div>\n    <p>For an L-shaped lamina, the geometric centre (where CG would lie for a uniform shape) falls in the <strong>empty region between the two arms<\/strong> of the L. Since there is no material at that point, the CG lies outside the material of the body.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-toggle-block\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-head\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-num\">6<\/div>\n    <p class=\"xc-s-toggle-q\">Passengers are not allowed to stand in the upper deck of a double-decker bus. Give reason.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-btn\"><span class=\"xc-s-toggle-icon\">\u25bc<\/span><span>Show Answer<\/span><\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a-head\">\u2705 Answer<\/div>\n    <p>Standing passengers in the upper deck raise the <strong>centre of gravity of the bus<\/strong>. A higher CG reduces stability and increases the risk of toppling, especially while turning or on uneven roads. To maintain safety, standing in the upper deck is not permitted.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 8. DIAGRAMS \u2500\u2500 -->\n<div class=\"xc-s-section-head\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-section-icon\">\ud83d\udcd0<\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-section-body\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-section-label\">Draw &amp; Label \u2014 ICSE Board<\/div>\n    <h2 class=\"xc-s-section-title\">Diagrams to Know<\/h2>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-diagram-box\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-head\">\n    <span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\ud83d\udcd0<\/span>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-title\">Types of Equilibrium \u2014 Cone Diagrams<\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-pyq-badge\">\u2b50 PYQ Favourite<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-img\">[Add diagram \u2014 Cone on base (Stable) \/ Cone on tip (Unstable) \/ Cone on side (Neutral)]<\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-labels\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-labels-title\">Labels to include:<\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label-grid\">\n      <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label\"><div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label-dot\"><\/div>Centre of Gravity (CG) position<\/div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label\"><div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label-dot\"><\/div>Direction of displacement<\/div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label\"><div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label-dot\"><\/div>Arrow showing movement of CG<\/div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label\"><div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label-dot\"><\/div>Base of the cone<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-diagram-box\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-head\">\n    <span style=\"font-size:18px;\">\ud83d\udcd0<\/span>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-title\">Moment of Force \u2014 Lever Diagram<\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-pyq-badge\">\u2b50 PYQ Favourite<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-img\">[Add diagram \u2014 Lever with pivot, force F, perpendicular distance d]<\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-labels\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-labels-title\">Labels to include:<\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label-grid\">\n      <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label\"><div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label-dot\"><\/div>Pivot \/ Fulcrum<\/div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label\"><div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label-dot\"><\/div>Applied Force (F)<\/div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label\"><div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label-dot\"><\/div>Perpendicular distance (d)<\/div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label\"><div class=\"xc-s-diagram-label-dot\"><\/div>Direction of rotation<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 9. QUICK REVISION \u2500\u2500 -->\n<div class=\"xc-s-revision\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-revision-header\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-revision-header-icon\">\u26a1<\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-revision-header-title\">Quick Revision \u2014 Last Night Before Exam<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-revision-grid\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-revision-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-revision-bullet\">1<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-revision-text\">Moment = <strong>Force \u00d7 \u22a5 distance<\/strong> from pivot<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-revision-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-revision-bullet\">2<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-revision-text\">Couple \u2192 <strong>rotation only<\/strong>, net force = 0<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-revision-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-revision-bullet\">3<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-revision-text\">Principle of Moments \u2192 <strong>CW = ACW<\/strong><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-revision-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-revision-bullet\">4<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-revision-text\">Stable \u2192 CG <strong>rises<\/strong> on displacement<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-revision-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-revision-bullet\">5<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-revision-text\">Unstable \u2192 CG <strong>falls<\/strong> on displacement<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-revision-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-revision-bullet\">6<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-revision-text\">Neutral \u2192 CG stays at <strong>same height<\/strong><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-revision-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-revision-bullet\">7<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-revision-text\">Lower CG + wider base = <strong>more stable<\/strong><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-revision-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-revision-bullet\">8<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-revision-text\">Centripetal force \u2192 <strong>towards centre<\/strong><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-revision-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-revision-bullet\">9<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-revision-text\">UCM \u2192 <strong>speed constant<\/strong>, velocity changes<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-revision-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-revision-bullet\">10<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-revision-text\">Centrifugal \u2192 <strong>pseudo force<\/strong>, outward<\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-revision-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-revision-bullet\">11<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-revision-text\">Torque unit \u2192 <strong>N\u00b7m<\/strong><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-revision-item\"><div class=\"xc-s-revision-bullet\">12<\/div><div class=\"xc-s-revision-text\">CG of L-shape \u2192 may lie <strong>outside body<\/strong><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 10. PYQ SPOTLIGHT \u2500\u2500 -->\n<div class=\"xc-s-pyq-wrap\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-pyq-header\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-pyq-header-icon\">\ud83d\udcdc<\/div>\n    <div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-pyq-header-title\">PYQ Spotlight \u2014 Most Repeated Questions<\/div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-pyq-header-sub\">ICSE Board Papers \u00b7 Chapter 1: Force<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-pyq-body\">\n\n    <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-block\">\n      <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-head\">\n        <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-meta\">\n          <span class=\"xc-s-pyq-year\">2023<\/span>\n          <span class=\"xc-s-pyq-year\">2021<\/span>\n          <span class=\"xc-s-pyq-year\">2019<\/span>\n          <span class=\"xc-s-pyq-marks\">3 Marks<\/span>\n          <span class=\"xc-s-pyq-freq\">\ud83d\udd25 6\/10 years<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"xc-s-toggle-q\">State the Principle of Moments. A uniform metre rule is balanced at 30 cm when a weight of 40 gf is at 10 cm mark. Find the weight of the metre rule.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-btn\"><span class=\"xc-s-toggle-icon\">\u25bc<\/span><span>Show Answer<\/span><\/div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a\">\n        <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a-head\">\u2705 Model Answer<\/div>\n        <p><strong>Principle of Moments:<\/strong> When a body is in equilibrium, the sum of clockwise moments equals the sum of anticlockwise moments about any point.<\/p>\n        <p>CG of metre rule = 50 cm. Balanced at 30 cm.<br>\n        ACW moment = 40 \u00d7 (30 \u2212 10) = 800 gf\u00b7cm<br>\n        CW moment = W \u00d7 (50 \u2212 30) = W \u00d7 20<br>\n        W \u00d7 20 = 800 \u2192 <strong>W = 40 gf<\/strong><\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-block\">\n      <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-head\">\n        <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-meta\">\n          <span class=\"xc-s-pyq-year\">2022<\/span>\n          <span class=\"xc-s-pyq-year\">2020<\/span>\n          <span class=\"xc-s-pyq-marks\">2 Marks<\/span>\n          <span class=\"xc-s-pyq-freq\">\ud83d\udd25 5\/10 years<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"xc-s-toggle-q\">Differentiate between stable and unstable equilibrium with one example each.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-btn\"><span class=\"xc-s-toggle-icon\">\u25bc<\/span><span>Show Answer<\/span><\/div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a\">\n        <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a-head\">\u2705 Model Answer<\/div>\n        <p><strong>Stable:<\/strong> Body returns to original position after displacement. CG rises. Example: Cone on base.<\/p>\n        <p><strong>Unstable:<\/strong> Body moves further away after displacement. CG falls. Example: Cone on tip.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-block\">\n      <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-head\">\n        <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-meta\">\n          <span class=\"xc-s-pyq-year\">2023<\/span>\n          <span class=\"xc-s-pyq-marks\">2 Marks<\/span>\n          <span class=\"xc-s-pyq-freq\">\ud83d\udd25 4\/10 years<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"xc-s-toggle-q\">What is a couple? Give two examples of couple in daily life.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-btn\"><span class=\"xc-s-toggle-icon\">\u25bc<\/span><span>Show Answer<\/span><\/div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a\">\n        <div class=\"xc-s-toggle-a-head\">\u2705 Model Answer<\/div>\n        <p>A <strong>couple<\/strong> consists of two equal, opposite, and parallel forces acting on a body at different points along different lines of action. Net force = zero. Produces only rotational motion.<\/p>\n        <p><strong>Examples:<\/strong> (1) Turning a key in a lock. (2) Turning a water tap.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-pyq-footer\">\n    <a href=\"#\">\ud83d\udcdc View Full PYQ Solver \u2014 Chapter 1 Force | Last 10 Years ICSE \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 11. SERIES NAVIGATION \u2500\u2500 -->\n<div class=\"xc-s-section-head\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-section-icon\">\ud83d\udd17<\/div>\n  <div class=\"xc-s-section-body\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-section-label\">Concept Capsule Series<\/div>\n    <h2 class=\"xc-s-section-title\">More in This Series<\/h2>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-series-links\">\n  <div class=\"xc-s-series-links-head\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-series-links-head-icon\">\ud83d\udcda<\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-series-links-head-title\">Other Series for Chapter 1: Force<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"xc-s-series-link-item\"><span class=\"xc-s-series-badge\">PYQ<\/span><span class=\"xc-s-series-link-text\">PYQ Solver \u2014 Chapter 1 Force | Last 10 Years ICSE<\/span><span class=\"xc-s-series-link-arr\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"xc-s-series-link-item\"><span class=\"xc-s-series-badge\">Formula<\/span><span class=\"xc-s-series-link-text\">Formula Vault \u2014 Chapter 1 Force | ICSE Class 10 Physics<\/span><span class=\"xc-s-series-link-arr\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"xc-s-series-link-item\"><span class=\"xc-s-series-badge\">Mistake<\/span><span class=\"xc-s-series-link-text\">Mistake Detector \u2014 Chapter 1 Force | ICSE Class 10<\/span><span class=\"xc-s-series-link-arr\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"xc-s-series-link-item\"><span class=\"xc-s-series-badge\">Quiz<\/span><span class=\"xc-s-series-link-text\">Quick Quiz \u2014 Chapter 1 Force | Test Yourself in 10 Minutes<\/span><span class=\"xc-s-series-link-arr\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"xc-s-nav\">\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"xc-s-nav-btn xc-prev\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-nav-arrow\">\u2190<\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-nav-body\">\n      <div class=\"xc-s-nav-label\">Previous Chapter<\/div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-nav-title\">No previous chapter<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/a>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"xc-s-nav-btn xc-next\">\n    <div class=\"xc-s-nav-arrow\">\u2192<\/div>\n    <div class=\"xc-s-nav-body\">\n      <div class=\"xc-s-nav-label\">Next Chapter<\/div>\n      <div class=\"xc-s-nav-title\">Chapter 2: Work, Energy and Power<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><!-- end .xc-cc -->\n\n\n<!-- \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n     JAVASCRIPT \u2014 paste once in footer\n     via Header and Footer Plugin\n     Do NOT paste per post \u2014 once sitewide\n     \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n<script>\ndocument.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n  var btn = e.target.closest('.xc-s-toggle-btn');\n  if (!btn) return;\n  var block = btn.closest('.xc-s-toggle-block');\n  if (!block) return;\n  var isOpen = block.classList.toggle('xc-open');\n  btn.querySelector('.xc-s-toggle-icon').style.transform = isOpen ? 'rotate(180deg)' : '';\n  var label = btn.querySelector('span:last-child');\n  if (label) label.textContent = isOpen ? 'Hide Answer' : 'Show Answer';\n});\n<\/script>\n-->\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">12<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span> \ud83d\udca1 Concept Capsule Chapter 1: Force \ud83d\udcda ICSE \ud83c\udf93 Class 10 \u2697\ufe0f Physics \ud83d\udcd6 Chapter 1 of 12 \ud83d\udccb Chapter [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"iawp_total_views":5,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,5],"tags":[131,132],"class_list":["post-1321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-class-10-icse","category-icse","tag-concept-capsule","tag-concept-capsules"],"modified_by":"sanjjeett","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xamcontent.com\/cisce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1321"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xamcontent.com\/cisce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xamcontent.com\/cisce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xamcontent.com\/cisce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xamcontent.com\/cisce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1321"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/xamcontent.com\/cisce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1321\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1329,"href":"https:\/\/xamcontent.com\/cisce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1321\/revisions\/1329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xamcontent.com\/cisce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xamcontent.com\/cisce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xamcontent.com\/cisce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}